Can I Use 4 12-Volt Batteries in A 48 Volt Golf Cart?

Golf cart owners may encounter some problems when upgrading their golf carts. One common question is whether 4 12V batteries can replace a traditional 48V golf cart battery system. While it’s technically possible, there are important trade-offs to consider.

This article explores the feasibility, pros, cons, and practical steps to help you decide if this setup is right for you.

Understanding Golf Cart Battery Systems Setup

Golf cart battery systems come in two main types: lead-acid and lithium.

Traditionally, lead-acid AGM batteries were the common choice. However, more and more golf cart owners are now switching to lithium battery systems due to their significant advantages, including longer lifespan, faster charging, lower maintenance, and lighter weight.

Golf Cart Battery Voltages: 36V, 48V, and 72V

Golf carts typically use 36V, 48V, or 72V battery systems, with 48V being the most common for modern models, especially lithium options. These systems are designed to provide the necessary power and runtime for various golf cart applications. Here’s how these systems are generally configured:

Lead-Acid Systems:

These achieve the required voltage by connecting multiple batteries in series (one after another).

• 36V System: A 36V battery system usually consists of six 6V lead-acid batteries connected in series.
• 48V System: A 48V battery system is typically made up of six 8V batteries or eight 6V batteries connected in series.
• 72V System: A 72V battery system is often configured with six 12V batteries connected in series.

Lithium Systems:

Most lithium golf cart batteries come in pre-configured 36V, 48V, or 72V options, eliminating the need for multiple batteries in series. On the other hand, they can be connected in parallel to increase capacity.

Can You Put 4 12-Volt Batteries in a 48-Volt Golf Cart?

Yes, it is theoretically possible to use 4 12V batteries to power a 48V golf cart, but there are a few important considerations.

When connecting batteries in series, the combined voltage of 4 12V batteries will equal 48V.

However, it's essential to understand that the voltage alone isn’t enough to ensure a smooth replacement. As the amp-hour (Ah) rating of your new 12V lithium batteries needs to match the original 48V battery’s capacity. Mismatched Ah ratings can result in shorter runtimes or decreased performance.

In addtion, the maximum output power of your 4x12V battery system must meet the requirement of the 48V golf cart motor.

If the motor is designed for a higher current draw than what the 4x12V batteries can provide, the system may experience performance issues such as reduced speed, shorter runtime, or even damage to the components.

Using a 4 x 12V battery setup for an extended period can lead to voltage imbalance among the batteries, which may also result in battery damage.

Therefore, while using four 12V batteries to power a 48V golf cart is possible, it is recommended to opt for a dedicated 48V golf cart battery for optimal performance and long lifespan.

Redodo 51.2V(48V) 100Ah Lithium Golf Cart Battery

Differences Between 4 12V-Batteries and 1 48V-Batteries Setup

Capacity and Runtime

• 4 12V-Batteries: A 4x12V lithium battery setup provides a total capacity of about 100Ah. Depending on the load, terrain, and the usage conditions, this configuration can provide between 2-5 hours of runtime.
• 1 48V-Batteries: A single 48V lithium battery usually has a capacity up to 100Ah. With the same capacity, both configurations have approximately the same runtime. 
  

Weight and Space Efficiency

• 4 12V-Batteries (12V 100Ah each): The total weight for four 12V 100Ah lithium batteries is approximately 88-110 lbs (40-50 kg). This setup is still relatively compact, though it takes up more space than a single 48V battery due to the four individual units.
• 1 48V-Batteries (48V 100Ah): A 48V lithium battery with 100Ah capacity typically weighs 80-100 lbs (36-45 kg). The 48V lithium setup is the most compact and efficient in terms of space, with a lower overall weight compared to both the 4x12V setups. The reduced weight helps improve battery performance, allowing the golf cart to run faster and longer.
  

Performance and Efficiency

• 4 12V-Batteries: When properly matched with the golf cart’s motor, 4x12V lithium batteries deliver efficient performance initially. However, when the series connections are not secure,  the system's capacity may decrease more quickly.
• 1 48V-Batteries: A single 48V lithium battery system provides superior efficiency and consistent power throughout its charge cycle. With reduced wiring losses and a deeper cycle life, it outperforms multi-battery setups, offering more reliable performance over time.
  

Flexibility and Upgradability

• 4 12V-Batteries: 4x12V batteries allow for individual replacements, which can be cost-effective if one battery fails. However, upgrading the entire system is cumbersome. Adding or replacing batteries requires rewiring and rebalancing the system. Additionally, using a mix of new and old batteries over an extended period can cause poor consistency within the battery system.
• 1 48V-Batteries: A single 48V battery system, especially lithium, offers the best flexibility for future upgrades. These systems are often designed with advanced features and modular components, making it easier to integrate new technologies or expand capacity without significant rewiring.
  

Cost

• 4 12V-Batteries: Lead-acid batteries typically range from $400 to $800 for a set of four 12V batteries. Lithium alternatives start at around $750.
• 1 48V-Batteries: Lead-acid 48V batteries range from $500 to $900. Lithium 48V systems are priced between $700 and $1,500 or more.

Compatibility

• 4 12V-Batteries: Compatible with most golf carts, but wiring and compatibility with the motor and battery charger must be checked to avoid performance issues.
• 1 48V-Batteries: A 48V battery system is the most direct match for 48V golf carts and is generally more efficient, especially in lithium form.

How to Choose A 48V Golf Cart Battery?

When selecting a 48V golf cart battery, consider the following factors to ensure optimal performance and longevity: 

• Battery Type: Choose between lead-acid and lithium batteries. While lead-acid batteries are more affordable, lithium batteries offer longer lifespans, faster charging, and less maintenance, making them a better choice for many golf cart owners.
• Capacity and Size: Make sure the battery has the appropriate capacity and size to meet your cart's needs. Higher capacity batteries provide longer runtime, but generally require more space to accommodate their size.
• Durability: Look for batteries with strong durability features, such as resistance to vibration, extreme temperatures, and water. This ensures your battery will perform well in various conditions.
• Charging Speed: Lithium batteries typically charge faster than lead-acid batteries, allowing you to spend more time using your golf cart.
• Brand Reputation: Choose a reputable brand known for high-quality batteries and good customer support. This will ensure you get a reliable product with sufficient warranty and support.

Choose Redodo for a reliable and high-performance golf cart lithium battery that will keep you on the course longer. With 10-year cycle lifespan and 5-year warrany, these batteries allow you enjoy your game with confidence.

How to Choose the Right 12V Batteries for Golf Cart?

Deep-Cycle Design

Choose deep-cycle 12V batteries specifically designed for sustained power delivery. Unlike starter batteries, deep cycle batteries are built to handle repeated discharging and recharging, making them ideal for golf cart use.

For example, Redodo's 12V deep cycle battery could offer 4000+ times cycle without capacity loss at 100% DOD.

Related Reading: What Is a 12V Battery

Capacity (Ah) Matching

Ensure the amp-hour (Ah) rating of the 12V batteries matches the original system’s requirements. Higher capacity batteries provide longer runtime, but they must also be compatible with the cart’s motor.

Voltage Consistency

Select batteries with stable voltage output under load. Inconsistent voltage can lead to performance issues or damage to the golf cart’s electrical system. Compared to lead-acid batteries, lithium golf cart batteries deliver stable and consistent performance without bad driving experience caused by voltage drops.

Build Quality and Durability

Opt for batteries with robust construction and high-quality materials. Features like reinforced terminals, waterproof and dustproof casings can extend the lifespan and reliability of the batteries.

Redodo lithium batteries are built with EV-grade LiFePO4 cells, offering reliable power output and long-lasting performance. They also support expansion to a 51.2V 400Ah battery system for high energy demands.

How to Connect 4x12V Batteries to 48V?

If you decide to go with 4x12V batteries, here’s how to connect them in series to 48V:

Tools Needed:

• Multimeter
• Insulated cables
• Wrench set
• Safety gloves

Step-by-Step Wiring:

• Disconnect the existing 48V battery system.
• Arrange the four 12V batteries in series and connect to a battery balancer.  Connect the positive terminal of one battery to the negative terminal of the next, ensuring each connection is secure.
• Use a multimeter to check the total voltage. Set your multimeter to DC voltage mode (typically denoted as "V" with a straight line). Place the multimeter probes on the positive and negative terminals of the entire series connection.
• Connect the positive terminal of the first battery and the negative terminal of the last battery to the golf cart’s motor.
• Test the setup and ensure the system operates as expected.

It is important to ensure that all the connected 12V batteries have the same type, BMS, voltage rating, capacity, brand, and were purchased within one month. Additionally, the connections are secure and properly insulated to avoid any safety hazards.

How to Maintain 48-Volt Golf Cart Battery System?

1. Regular Charging Practices

Always use a compatible 48V battery charger and avoid overcharging or deep discharging. Charging lithium batteries within 20%-80% capacity range can make them perform best. For lead-acid batteries, ensure they are fully charged after each use to prevent sulfation.

2. Monitor Battery Health

Use a multimeter to periodically check the voltage levels of one or multiple batteries. For lithium batteries, you can also use the built-in battery management system (BMS) or Bluetooth App (if available) to monitor performance.

3. Keep Terminals Clean

Inspect and clean the battery terminals regularly to prevent dust accumulation and corrosion. When not in use, cover the terminals with insulating caps.

4. Proper Storage

If the golf cart will be unused for an extended period, store the batteries in a cool, dry place. For lead-acid batteries, maintain a full charge before storage and recharge periodically. For lithium batteries, store at around 50% charge to prolong lifespan.

Related Reading: How to Store LiFePO4 Batteries

5. Avoid Overloading

Ensure the golf cart is not consistently operated under heavy loads or on steep terrain. Distribute weight evenly and avoid excessive acceleration to minimize stress on the battery system.

Conclusion

In theory, it's possible to use 4x12V batteries setup in a 48V golf cart. However, considering factors such as safety, compatibility, lifespan, cost, and maintenance, it is highly recommended to use a single 48V lithium battery for optimal performance and reliability.

If you're ready to upgrade your golf cart power with the best golf cart batteries, check out Redodo's 48 volt lithium golf cart batteries.

Redodo's 48V 100Ah golf cart batteries are designed to deliver unmatched reliability and efficiency. With 5120Wh of energy and a 200A upgraded BMS, it ensures complete protection and extended range. Plus, its Bluetooth monitoring feature lets you track and manage your battery’s health effortlessly.

Upgrade today and experience the perfect blend of power, safety, and convenience for your golf cart!

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